Goal 15 - Life on land

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Goal 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area Percentage 2020Footnote 13 38 2017 38 Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (PDF) More information on the source for indicator 15.1.1 Map (Statistics Canada) - Treed area and long-term temperature trends by climate region
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type Exploring data sources
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management 5 sub-indicators
15.2.1.a Forest area net change rate
 Percentage (per year) 2015-2020 0% 2010-2015 0% Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (PDF)  
15.2.1.b Above-ground biomass stock in forestFootnote 1
 Tonnes/hectare 2016 90 2010 91 Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (PDF) Infographic (Statistics Canada) - An overview of Canada's forest resources
Infographic (Statistics Canada) - An overview of Canada's forest sector
15.2.1.c Proportion of forest area located within legally established protected areas
 Percentage 2016 8.5 2000-2006 6.8 Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (PDF) Chart (Environment and Climate Change Canada) - Canada's conserved areas
15.2.1.d Proportion of forest area under a long term forest management plan
 Percentage 2019 61 2010 59 Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (PDF)  
15.2.1.e Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme More information on indicator 15.2.1.e
 Hectares 2019 168,002,236 2018 164,476,024 Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Certification Canada - Canadian Statistics  
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area Exploring data sources
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity Exploring data sources
15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover IndexFootnote 2 Exploring data sources
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.5.1.PR Canadian Species IndexFootnote 3 Percent change from 1970 baselineFootnote 4 2016 -4.39 2015 -4.83 Environment and Climate Change Canada Canadian species index  
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.6.1.PR Has Canada adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits, since the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010)Footnote 5 Yes/No 2017 No ... ... Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) The Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House  
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked Exploring data sources
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.8.1.PR Does Canada adopt relevant national legislation for the prevention or control of invasive alien species?Footnote 6 Yes/No 2021 Yes 2020 Yes Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) An Invasive Alien Species Strategy for Canada  
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.9.1 (a) Number of countries that have established national targets in accordance with or similar to Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in their national biodiversity strategy and action plans and the progress reported towards these targets; and (b) integration of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting systems, defined as implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Exploring data sources
15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.a.1 (a) Official development assistance on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; and (b) revenue generated and finance mobilized from biodiversity-relevant economic instruments
 2 sub-indicators
15.a.1.a Official development assistance on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystemsFootnote 7
 US$ Millions 2017 4,731,646 2016 22,943,572 OECDFootnote 8Footnote 9 OECD Statistics Chart (OECD) - Net official development assistance
15.a.1.b Public expenditures on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystemsFootnote 10
 Canadian dollars (CAN$) 2017 2,084,000,000 2016 1,827,000,000 Statistics CanadaFootnote 11 Table 10-10-0005-01  
15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.b.1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems US$ Millions 2019 2,142,000,000 2018 1,702,000,000 OECDFootnote 12 OECD Statistics  
15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
Indicators Unit of measure Reference period Latest data Previous period Data for previous period Data provider Source Data visualization
15.c.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked Exploring data sources

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Proxy indicator

Footnotes

Footnote 1

The biomass reporting is for Canada's managed forest area only, consistent with our national greenhouse gas inventory reporting to the UNFCCC.

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Footnote 2

Canadian indicators on land cover are currently being developed and expanded to work towards monitoring terrestrial ecosystems. At the moment, land cover and land use change is available for all of Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas, and land use data is available for each of Canada's drainage regions.

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Footnote 3

This is a proxy indicator. The UN Global indicator states: "Red List Index"

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Footnote 4

Calculated based on the proportional change in population size for monitored vertebrate species. All species are weighted equally, such that a species that doubled in population would be balanced out by a species that declined by half. A long-term decline from the 1970 baseline appears to be continuing. However, short-term fluctuations should not be interpreted as strong evidence of recent environmental change

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Footnote 5

This is a proxy indicator. The UN Global indicator states: "Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits."

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Footnote 6

This is a proxy indicator. The UN Global indicator states: "Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species"

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Footnote 7

This is the amount of ODA that Canada provides to Developing countries for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems

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Footnote 8

Commitments in current USD to projects marked as principal or significant for the biodiversity marker. This indicates the total commitment for a project that integrates these objectives, not the exact amount allocated to these.

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Footnote 9

This data is for Official Development Assistance (ODA) only and not for public expenditures..

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Footnote 10

This is the amount of public expenditures that Canada spends domestically on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems.

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Footnote 11

Data covers the consolidated general government.

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Footnote 12

The OECD-DAC standard does not include a policy marker to track resources allocated to sustainable forest management, conservation and reforestation. For this indicator the purpose code category on Forestry has been used.

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Footnote 13

The data for 2020 is an estimate using a previous year's deforestation rate, therefore must be treated as an imputed value.

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More information on the source for indicator 15.1.1

The data for this indicator a custom tabulation. The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Table 1a is used to derive this indicator which is calculated as follows:
(Total Canadian forest area (ha) divided by Total land area of Canada (ha)) multiplied by 100.

More information on indicator 15.2.1.e

Forest under Third Party Certification; the area reported here is the area of forest land certified to one or more standard. Forest areas that are certified to more than one standard are counted only once, there is no double counting.

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